Literal Vs. Literal Approach Essay - 2088 Words

Literal or Nonliteral Approach to Genesis 1-2 One of the fundamental key aspects to Christianity is believing in one true God, and that God is the source for everything. He created the whole universe, and everything in it. There is one problem to this. How does one interpret the reading of creation stories in Genesis? A literal approach is described as taking the reading straightforward through young-earth view, while a non-literal approach is defined through old-earth view and through theistic evolution. The literal approach has more problems, including taking the easy way out, creating a difficult reading, using less scientific data, and taking everything straightforwardly. The non-literal view has more strengths, some examples being matching with various scientific and biblical evidence, taking the genre into account, and even thinking of explanations to explain some of its problems. Literal Reading Children are taught the story of creation. Most grow up believing that this story happens word for word. While reading the Book of Genesis, they sit down and treat it as a word-for-word reading. This is a literal interpretation of Genesis one and two. Many Christians believe that the Bible should be read this way, including Augustine and John Calvin. This view can change how one looks at Genesis, chapter one and two. Literalists take everything straightforwardly. In other words, the whole event happened in seven straight twenty-four hour literal days. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The Law In The Court Of Law1438 Words   |  6 Pagestype of rule is the literal rule. This rule is when the judge gives a sentence based on the law is it referring to word for word. For example in the vase of R VS Bentham, a person gave the impression that he was carrying a gun in his pocket by using his fingers. Bentham entered the victim’s home where Bentham demanded that the victim give s him money and jewellery. In the court it was questioned if the Firearms Act 1968 would have been applicable for this case. So if the literal rule was used in thisRead MoreRavi Kamal Bali Vs Kala Tech And Ors1247 Words   |  5 PagesRavi Kamal Bali vs. Kala Tech and Ors. Patent litigation is the product of constructing and interpreting claims which decide the boundaries of any invention. The construction of claims is the centre of infringement proceedings. For determining claims of infringement, the courts approach is of literal interpretation. This approach led to circumvention of the interpreters by making small and superficial changes in the inventions. The inclination to literalism has made the courts move towards moreRead MoreRelationship Between Control And Protection1282 Words   |  6 Pageswhich include the Literal Rule, Mischief Rule and the Golden Rule. The Literal rule dictates that statues are to be interpreted using the ordinary meaning of the language of the statue, the statues is to be read word for word and is to be interpreted according to the ordinary meaning of the language. (Inspector of Taxes vs Kiernan (1981) in which a pig farmer was assessed to tax under revenue legislation that applied to dealers in cattle. The Supreme court applied the literal rule and held thatRead Moremr dddsdddd1164 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿GS0155 Interpersonal Communication Summary of concepts from Lecture 1 to Lecture 10 Lecture 1: Universals of IPC What is interpersonal communication? Nature of IPC: dyadic approach a. Dyadic b. Dyadic primacy c. Dyads Two types of dyadic connection: a. Dyadic coalition b. Dyadic consciousness Elements of Interpersonal Communication: (the model of IPC) a. Source-Receiver (encode, decode) b. Messages (feedback message, feed forward message) c. Channel d. Noise (Physical, PhysiologicalRead MoreEssay on Daniel 9: 24-27 - The Prophecy Of The Seventy Weeks 2733 Words   |  11 Pagesfound in Luke 19:28-4 (March 30, A.D. 33). An alternative approach to the decree of Artaxerxes I is the edict of Cyrus in 538 B.C., which separates 532 years between the command to restore and rebuild the temple and the birth of the Messiah. However, this approach takes a conventional assignment (7 x 14 and 7 x 62) of the â€Å"sevens† and not a literal uniformed meaning thus running the risk of forcing prophecy. Nevertheless, each approach does accurately lineup with the virgin birth foretold andRead MoreTranslation Technique by Molina and Albir6820 Words   |  28 Pages498 Meta, XLVII, 4, 2002 Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach lucà ­a molina and amparo hurtado albir Universitat Autà ²noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain RÉSUMÉ Cet article a pour objectif de cerner la notion de technique de traduction entendue comme un des instruments d’analyse textuelle qui permet d’à ©tudier le fonctionnement de l’à ©quivalence par rapport à   l’original. Nous rappelons tout d’abord les diffà ©rentes dà ©finitions et classifications qui ont à ©tà © proposà ©esRead MoreThe Reasoning Of Common Law2175 Words   |  9 Pagesagreed which approach to use,so for that reason there are three rules of interpretations which we must learn about: a.The Literal rule - which ties the court to the wording of the Parliament and does not give them very much leeway to escape from it even if it create an absurd situation,but as each rule developed, more and more discretion was given to the judges to be able to reach the decision that they felt Parliament intended or right for the case. For example in the case of Whiteley vs Chappell (1868)Read MoreLegal Methods4881 Words   |  20 Pagesthe expressions which may be found there and that not intended to be the expositions of the whole law but governed a qualified by the particular facts of the case in which such expressions are to be found; * An example of ratio in case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson (1932) is the principle of the duty of care to those a person can reasonably foresee will be affected by his/her action. * Identifying ratio in a case may be difficult; Judges are under no obligation to label the different part of theirRead MoreAnalysis Of Lorna Crozier s Poem The Eye Rhyme 1400 Words   |  6 Pagespararhyme which supports the theme of deception and dissent articulated by the words, â€Å"furtive†(11) and, â€Å"Not so!†(12). 3.What is the chief symbol in Lorna Crozier’s poem Forms of Innocence (Geddes, 751)? What does the symbol suggest beyond its literal meaning? The chief symbol in Lorna Crozier’s poem is the black swan. The swan evokes the dark passionate mysterious mystic of wild unpredictable dark feminine energy that holds the quiet potential power of creation. The swan is the companion of theRead MoreAn Analysis of English-Chinese Subtitle Translating Strategies: Taking Gossip Girl as an Example4351 Words   |  18 Pagesconflicting demands facing a translator in the process of translation: length vs. content, word order vs. picture order, naturalization vs. alienation and transliteration vs. semantic translation and suggested ways of resolving these conflicts. However, frankly speaking, all these articles on the research of audiovisual translation have not produced very satisfactory results due to the lack of any adequate approach in general or in particular. In recent years some scholars have begun to explore

Maya Civilization Collapse - 1311 Words

The example of societal collapse in which I will be making reference to throughout this essay is the Maya civilization. The Maya civilization is, â€Å"probably the best known of all early American civilizations.† (Fagan, 1995) It was at its strongest point between AD 300 AND 900. Around AD 900 was the time of its collapse. This civilization was developed in a densely, tropical forest on either highlands or lowlands. Today to visit a Mayan site, people would go to the modern Mexican state, capital city of Merida. This site was once home to the â€Å"New Worlds most advanced Native American civilization before European arrival.† (Diamond, 2009) Over the years there has been many predictions on what had caused the Maya civilization to collapse. At†¦show more content†¦He stated that if the communication between the rulers and the Gods failed and the hope for a good harvesting season and the production of rainfall to occur, tensions would develop rapidly among the group. Here we have another example of how climate change and societal factors can affect the societal well-being of a group. Traditions were handed down from generation to generation. The ways of living and teaching were embedded into each Mayan person. Some of these ways of living consisted as being hunter-gatherers, this is because their predecessors were known for their hunting and gathering of supplies to keep them alive. Climate change and education come into consideration here whilst talking about their well-being. Due to the fact that their predecessors were hunter-gatherers, the weather had a major impact on their ways of collecting food and supplies. If there was severe weather conditions throughout the forest there was a limit in the amount of food collected and in terms of the education view it declines also because they cannot learn from their ancestors how to survive in these conditions. It is believed that they were not savages but people who developed their own cult ureShow MoreRelatedThe Fall of the Mayan Empire Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages The fall of the Mayan Empire The collapse of the Mayan Empire is one of history’s greatest mysteries. It was one of the most advanced and developed civilizations of its time period, reining during the Pre-Classic period and into the Classic and Post-Classic Periods (2000 B.C. – 900 A.D.). The territory stretched from the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, down to modern day El Salvador in Central America. Its achievements were monumental for the era, being the first empire communicating with the useRead MoreArchaeological Interpretations : Archaeology Eastern Mesoamerica1888 Words   |  8 Pages Isabella Gines 7 December 2015 Dr. Travis Stanton Anthropology 115R Archaeological Interpretations: Archaeology Eastern Mesoamerica The Mysterious Collapse Mayan civilization began long before Christopher Columbus, â€Å" founded the new world†, The Mayan civilization persisted for more than 1,000 years, That is over twice as long as America, just think that a society formed by people some see as primitive expanded into a thriving society which lasted over 1,000 years. This also meansRead MoreA Brief Look at the Mayan Civilization Essay example1548 Words   |  7 PagesOlmec were the Maya people. The Maya can be analyzed in terms of their culture. This civilization came about in Mesoamerica around 250 AD with a great influence coming from that of the Olmec. The first 650 years of the Maya civilization’s existence was known as the Classic Period. They created a remarkable society of more than 40 cities in the region which is now southern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Belize. The cities contained mostly ceremonial centers and majority of the Maya lived a rural agriculturalRead MoreSecrets And The Collapse Of The Maya Essa y926 Words   |  4 PagesSecrets Locked in Stone Maya scholars debated for decades over the fate of the Maya. Recent evidence from an unlikely source, points a sustained drought in the 9th and 10th Centuries. Stalagmites and Stone Carvings Offer Clues on the Collapse of the Maya Civilization Circa 900 A.D., the Maya world fell apart. How could an ancient Meso American civilization flourish for hundreds of years only to fade into the forest? That riddle has perplexed scholars ever since 19th century explorers JohnRead MoreEnd of Mayan Civilization1143 Words   |  5 PagesEnd of Mayan Civilization Samuel Nathaniel H. Stansbury HUM 111 11/3/2012 The mystery concerning the fundamental explanation for the collapse of the Mayan Civilization has been a major focus for researchers in the fields of anthropology and archeology for a considerable period of time. At the very core of this mystery of the Mayan collapse was the question of how could such a strong, stable civilization that had flourished for approximately twenty-seven hundred years disappear without a clearRead MoreCollapse Of The Mayan Civilization1024 Words   |  5 PagesPatricia Licea-Chavez 10/27/14 History 2 Collapse of the Mayan Civilization There were multiple reasons for the collapse of the Mayan civilization. Some of these reasons are environmental damages/overpopulation, natural disasters, and warfare.(The) Out of these the most likely reason for their collapse was war. (Cartwright) Within this war there were also the battles that were going on within its civilization, the offerings that they made to their gods, and the campaigns to resist the Spanish conquestRead MoreEssay The Maya Civilization904 Words   |  4 PagesThe Maya Civilization The ancient Maya once occupied a vast geographic area in Central America. Their civilization inhabited an area that encompasses Mexicos Yucatan peninsula and parts of the states of Chiapas and Tabasco, as well as Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. From the third to the ninth century, Maya civilization produced awe-inspiring temples and pyramids, highly accurate calendars, mathematics and hieroglyphics, and a complex social and political order (CollapseRead MoreEssay on Did the Mayan Civilization Collapse as a Result of Drought?1016 Words   |  5 PagesEver since the collapse of the once powerful Maya civilization, people have been trying to find out what caused it. Authors of the article, “Climate and the Collapse of Maya Civilization”, which include Gerald Haug, Detlef Gà ¼nther, Larry Peterson, Daniel Sigman, Konrad Hughen, and Beat Aeschlimann propose a theory that the Mayans collapsed because of an extended dry period between 760 and 910 A.D. These scientists set out find the answer as to why the Maya civilization collapsed. ThisRead MoreEssay on Collapse in Maya Society1119 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst millennium A.D., the lowland Maya empires disintegrated after 750 years of prominence (Handout 1). Warfare, the growing population, resource depletion, and climatic fluctuations contributed to the downfall of the Classical lowland empires (Schele and Freidel 321). 500 years later, the scattered Maya that remained would again face a crisis as the Spanish conquistadores invaded Yucatan, conquered, and began to rule. Though the Spanish conquest of the Maya brought a new religion and diseasesRead More the aztec and maya Essay721 Words   |  3 Pages The Aztec and Maya were both American Indian people. The Aztec were ruled by a mighty empire in Mexico during the 1400s and early 1500s. The Maya however, developed a magnificent civilization in Central America and Southern Mexico. Both civilizations contributed a great d eal to the modern world and invented items that are still used today. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;According to the Aztec Legend, the ancestors of the people who founded Tenochtitlan, came to the Valley of Mexico. The Aztec wandered

Advanced Persistent Threat Impacts

Question: Describe about the Using the attached template, research Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) and their potential impact to Industrial Control Systems. Answer: Definition of an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) The concept of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) indicates to assault on a system where an unapproved individual accesses the system as well as stays there hidden for a certain length of time. An APT assault aims to take information instead of making harm on the network or even an organization (Chandra, Challa Pasupuleti, 2015). The attackers of APT target the associations in various sectors having data or information of high value such as National Defense sector, Production companies and financial sectors. An APT is advanced as it utilizes stealth and numerous assault strategies to conciliate a target, frequently a high-esteem corporate or government asset. This sort of assault is additionally hard to identify, uproot and accredit to a specific attacker. The appalling thing identified with this sort of assault is that, once an objective is breached, indirect accesses are regularly made to furnish the attacker with progressing access to the system that has been compromised. APTs are viewed as persistence as the attacker might invest months gathering insight about the objective and utilize that knowledge to dispatch different assaults over a broadened timeframe (Sloan, 2014). It is devastating as offenders are regularly searching for profoundly delicate data, as for instance, the atomic power plants layout or codes to get into the U.S. protection contractual workers. An APT attack generally comprises of three principal goals as the stealing of sensitive data from the targeted system or network along with observation on the identified target and sabotaging the target. In this type of attack, the attacker anticipates to acquire it goals while remaining invisible in the network. Use of APT in a Cyber War to inflict damage on Industrial Control Systems In a basic type of assault, intruder tries to gain access and get out of the system immediately as possible. This is to maintain a strategic distance from recognition by the networks Intrusion Detection System (IDS). From the perspective of an APT assault, it can be said that the objective is not only to get in or out rather it focuses to achieve continuous entrance to the system (Bann, Singh Samsudin, 2015). The intruder continuously rewrites the code and employs sophisticated evasion techniques to maintain access without discovery. It is often found that some APTs require a full time administrator due to their complexity. The attackers involved in APTs regularly utilize trusted associations to acquire access to the systems and frameworks. These associations might be found, for instance, through a thoughtful insider or maybe even an unwitting worker who becomes victim to a spear phishing assault. The criminal administrators behind APTs select their objectives with incredible consideration, and they hand craft their penetration and assault techniques to have the best impact against the targeted known frameworks of the association and work force. Attackers scope out workers inside of the target association who have high-level access to the frameworks and procedures required for the assault (Auty, 2015). Attackers conduct surveillance to comprehend the frameworks in the target association, applications and systems to exploit unpatched, undetected or obscure (zero-day) vulnerabilities. In this manner upon targeting the employees within an organization the attackers can gain access to the control systems of the industry so that they can operate it according to their needs and access information or even hamper the operation of the system. Example of an APT being used to cause damage to an Industrial Control System The incident of cyber-attack on German Steel Mill as mentioned by Federal Office for Information Security can be considered as example of an APT that caused damage to the control systems in the organization. The attackers behind the incident displayed both hacking prowess and an in-depth knowledge of the steelworks IT network (Xenakis Ntantogian, 2014). More concerning, the attackers displayed detailed knowledge on applied industrial control and production processes as said in the report. Cyber-physical attacks, which involve software being used to inflict physical damage, are rare. However, they are a growing concern as more pieces of critical infrastructure become connected directly or indirectly to IP-based networks and the public Internet. The below mentioned Figure 1 represents the exploited vulnerabilities that helped the attacker to intrude in the network of German Steel Mill. Figure 1: Exploited Vulnerabilities in the German Steel Mill Incident (Source: Lee, Assante Conway, 2014) From sources on this occurrence it was found that there has been a gathering of various individual components breakdown within the control system of the German Steel Mill. The attack resulted in the incapability of the furnace to shut down properly which in turn presented surprising conditions and additional physical damage to the system. For better understanding of the Steel Mill components and operations the diagram is illustrated as below: Figure 2: Steel Mill Components and Operations (Source: Lee, Assante Conway, 2014) The attackers used a sophisticated spear-phishing e-mail and social engineering to get access to the office network at the steelworks (Cyberattack Inflicts Massive Damage on German Steel Factory, 2014). From there, they worked successively to production networks. The malicious code disrupted the function of control system components that led to a blast furnace not being able to be turned off in a regulated fashion which resulted into massive damage to the system. References Auty, M. 2015. Anatomy of an advanced persistent threat.Network Security,2015(4), 13-16. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858 (15)30028-3 Bann, L., Singh, M., Samsudin, A. 2015. Trusted Security Policies for Tackling Advanced Persistent Threat via Spear Phishing in BYOD Environment.Procedia Computer Science,72, 129-136. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.113 Cyberattack Inflicts Massive Damage on German Steel Factory. 2014.The Security Ledger. Retrieved 25 March 2016, from https://securityledger.com/2014/12/cyberattack-inflicts-massive-damage-on-german-steel-factory/ Lee, R., Assante, M., Conway, T. 2014. German Steel Mill Cyber Attack.ICS CP/PE (Cyber-To-Physical Or Process Effects) Case Study Paper, 6-8. Retrieved from https://ics.sans.org/media/ICS-CPPE-case-Study-2-German-Steelworks_Facility.pdf Sloan, R. 2014. Advanced Persistent Threat.Engineering Technology Reference. https://dx.doi.org/10.1049/etr.2014.0025 Vijaya Chandra, J., Challa, N., Pasupuleti, S. 2015. Intelligence based Defense System to Protect from Advanced Persistent Threat by means of Social Engineering on Social Cloud Platform.Indian Journal Of Science And Technology,8(28). https://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i28/63544 Xenakis, C., Ntantogian, C. 2014. An advanced persistent threat in 3G networks: Attacking the home network from roaming networks.Computers Security,40, 84-94. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2013.11.006

Santa Cruz case study free essay sample

Santa Cruz Bicycles was using a computer-aided-design (CAD) software but this system delayed the development of their new bikes in an average around 28 months (Pearlson, Saunders, 2013). They integrated a new information system PLM that helped them reducing the lag in their design in an average of 12 or 14 months; this integration allowed the company to increase productivity and reduce the time lost when a design was not fit for production. Santa Cruz Bicycles added an asset to their process, this asset was a machine that can produce in-house parts needed for their prototype, and another key factor was they hired a master frame building; providing and facilitating the process of building and testing prototypes decreasing their average time from design and shipping and eliminating the need for outsourcing (Pearlson, Saunders, 2013). In a quest to improve its system processes and reduce time and money for the company, Santa Cruz made some changes that would improve their internal systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Santa Cruz case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page THE CASE STUDY OF SANTA CRUZ The main factor in Santa Cruz‘s system improvement is afforded to the enterprise system known as Product Life Cycle Management system. According to the text book, the research and development team had been using computer-aided-design(CAD) software, but it took 7 months to develop a new design, and if the design failed, starting over was the only solution. (Pearlson, Saunders, 2013). It was not until the company reached this low that they decided to implement a new system that would help them improve in their processes. They removed the outsourcing aspect and implemented software that improved turnaround time from an average of about 28 months to 12 to 14 months. Outsourcing has become a part of the modern business strategy and design. Experts believes managers should decide what part of the company’s business processes they are good at and outsource everything else, focus on the company’s core competency, and let someone else do the rest. Santa Cruz Bicycles needed to identify its core competency and make changes to the company’s business processes to achieve the company’s goal of lowering the design process time frame. Hence, the company hired a master frame builder to build and test prototypes in-house to achieve its goal. Hiring the master frame builder, Santa Cruz Bicycles is taking a step in the right direction for building the company’s core competency and a key factor in the company’s successful process redesign. The design process for Santa Cruz Bicycles should be a unique process for the company if a new product is introduced to the market. Hence, the design process should be an in-house activity to produce an authentic and exclusive product. According to Mani, Barua, and Whinston â€Å"each business process must be analyzed based on its underlying attributes† (2010, p. 40), before making decision about outsourcing. The company designed and patented the Virtual Pivot Point, a suspension system, which needs a bicycle frame the fits well with the system. The in-house master builder provided the company with an important attribute in accomplishing its goals in the company’s redesign process and also contributes to the company’s core competency. The master builder was a key factor because having one allowed Santa Cruz Bicycles to take control over the company’s design and business process. The company would also have full control of problems related to quality and turnaround time. The in-house builder would reduce the sluggish response times coupled with slow issue resolution, hence, the long time the company took to bring the new product to the market. Outsourcing provides companies with a competitive advantage by delegating business process to external sources and to realize the benefits of low labor, better quality, and improved innovation. Santa Cruz Bicycles did not accomplish its goal of a short time in the design process by outsourcing part its design process. Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with change, both from the perspective of an organization and on the individual level. The management team at Santa Cruz Bicycle wants to achieve the company’s goal of going from design to prototype in a shorter time. To achieve the goal changes were necessary in the management thought process and outlook for a successful outcome. The current design process is inefficient and adaptation to change is crucial for the organization because the design process is at the heart of the company’s success, and for the company to succeed management must retool the design process to achieve its goal. The management team made chances starting with the software use in the company’s simulation process. Changing the software is an important part of the process, but the change is not the overriding factor in the Santa Cruz Bicycles success. The software was one component in the redesign process intended to retool the company’s systems. The company upgraded to the to the product life cycle management software currently in use by large global manufactures. â€Å"For companies operating in dynamic environments, changing at the right pace, defined as the time span between sequential changes, is essential to maintain effectiveness† (Klarner Raisch, 2013, p. 160). Therefore, the software was one way of maintain effectiveness in the company’s design process. Adopting change management to the company’s design process is a structured approach for ensuring that changes are thoroughly and smoothly implemented, and that the benefits of change are achieved in the company’s design process. The management focus is on the effectiveness of change, on the design process and how changes help the design team achieve the company’s goal. Hiring a master frame builder helps the company move from the current situation to achieving a shorter time in the company’s design process. The change management Santa Cruz Bicycle implemented in its process and strategy is important if the organization is to achieve its potential. Santa Cruz bicycles are considered to be the near the top in the mountain biking industry. The changes implemented internally with the transition from a CAD process to a PLM approach has enabled the company to increase manufacturing efficiency while remaining innovative at the same time. With these improvements within the organization, Santa Cruz has been able to hold a reputation of building â€Å"arguably the best all-around mountain bike ever made† as asserted by Business 2. 0 (Tayman, J 2003,06).