How Miller Creates Conflict in the Crucible?

English Controlled Assessment Draft: Conflict in the Crucible The play I am studying for this essay is called â€Å"The Crucible† and I will be focusing on Act 1 of the book. The question I will be answering is what’s the most powerful type of conflict in the opening act of the crucible? The word conflict means a state of disharmony, opposition and or fighting. The conflict portrayed in the Crucible is often described as tools used to describe events in Millers time period.For example, witchcraft doesn’t exist in Salem yet that is the basis of the storyline of the play and many people die as a result of accusations over witchcraft. During the time Miller wrote this book, the cold war was happening and many people in America were accused of communism (including Miller himself), when they were accused they were routinely asked to give names of other communists which is the same as the ‘witches’ in Salem were asked, whether the devil â€Å"come-with an other person† and many of these people turned out to not be communists in the first place same as the accused ‘witches’.So it seems that Miller uses the fact there were not any witches in Salem as a metaphor suggesting there were not any communists in America. Miller conveys Putman as a source of conflict as a result of his rivalry for power with Parris. This is demonstrated when Mr Putman is seen as attempting to stir drama over Parris’s daughters situation â€Å"No witchcraft! Now look you Mr Parris†.As Parris is so plainly defiant in his denial of â€Å"witchcraft† affecting his daughter, this portrays Mr Putman as deliberately trying to annoy Parris to most likely make him look like a loose cannon in the eyes of Salem to steal his job. Which makes sense as Miller tells us that the Putnam’s resent Parris and Mr Putnam wanted his brother in law to have Parris’s position. The directive â€Å"Now look you† magnifies this a s although Parris has more authority than him, he is already seen as trying to order Parris around.This is then amplified when Parris replies stating â€Å"They will howl me out of Salem for such corruption in my house† as Mr Putnam is seen as the main rival to Parris, it seems that Parris implies that Mr Putnam is the one who will â€Å"howl† him out of Salem. In addition, the word â€Å"Howl† at first seems to be a hyperbole as Salem is first thought of as a good religious community, but it then creates contrast towards the end of act one as the town is seen as willing to give the death penalty to children because they think that their witches â€Å"This woman must be hanged! . This creates tension throughout the audience as it makes them realize Salem isn’t as united as it first seemed and there is a massive power struggle between the two families as â€Å"howl† also portrays Mr Putnam as a monster, more specifically a werewolf which is a mytho logical predator and predators like to be at the top of the food chain. However, Parris already has a place on top of the metaphorical food chain which places Putnam and Parris as natural rivals.Also, it creates tension in the audience by showing just how important power is in Salem as Parris and Putman both care more about power and their reputation than their own daughters. Miller’s intentions of this may be to show that people will act in extreme ways to protect themselves including neglecting their daughter, which links back to Millers era as many accused communists were interrogated under torture and many tried to escape leaving behind their families.In the play â€Å"the crucible† Miller portrays a community in conflict when proctor’s commitment to their puritan ideology is doubted. This is demonstrated when Proctor states â€Å"No, No, Abby. That’s done with† when Abigail appears to flirt with him. The connotation of â€Å"That’s don e with† suggests that Proctor once committed the sin of Adultery with her which is a very serious sin to the Puritans. The repetition of â€Å"No, No† shows that proctor knows he’s done a bad thing not just in terms of the Puritan Ideology but also in terms with his own morals.However, the fact Abigail wants to do it again and doesn’t consider it a bad thing shows the conflict and divides between the older and younger generations in Salem as the younger generation’s challenge the Puritans rules without remorse. This creates nervousness within the audience as it demonstrates just how fragile the unity of the community in Salem is. It also links back to Miller’s intentions as he may be trying to suggest that paranoia divided communities as it did in America when many people were being accused of communism over little things.Miller intensifies a sense of conflict towards the end of act 1 through a fast paced scene when multiple accusation of wit chcraft are made. This is started when Abigail exclaims â€Å"I want to open myself! † and from there onwards Betty also takes up the chant and blames people â€Å"I saw Martha Bellows with the devil! † The fact that the curtain descends with â€Å"Devil† as the last word spoken reflects the state of fear on stage and the divides caused by this conflict to Salem as normally the people of Salem talk about God but as a result of this conflict they end by talking about he Devil, an abnormal thing for them. The use of Exclamation marks, snappy sentences and the amount of accusations made infers that it is a fast paced, loud scene and reflective of the hysteria on stage. This creates dramatic irony towards the audience as they know the truth which is that witchcraft doesn’t actually exist, the fact witchcraft is punishable by death shows them that the girls are willing to let someone else die to prove themselves innocent thus creating a sense of conflict.The r epetition of the word â€Å"Devil† towards the end makes the audience feel sympathy towards the people that are getting blamed as they know that none of it is actually true. This can be linked back to Millers intentions as he may be trying to show that when people fear for their life they are willing to lie and blame others to save themselves which also occurred during the cold war (Millers era) when people lied and blamed other people of being communists to avoid themselves going to prison.To conclude, there have been many powerful conflicts throughout act 1, my final judgement is the rivalry of power between Parris and Putnam is the most powerful conflict. This is important as it provides the baseline for the story line. Parris states that there are ‘factions’ after his position in Salem, It is likely that he is meaning the Putnam family as they are seen as a main antagonistic rival in ‘The Crucible’ against Parris. He describes calling for Reveren d Hale as a â€Å"precaution† but denies that â€Å"witchcraft† is the reason for his daughter’s problem.As a result it is likely that he called for Mr Hale just so Mr Putnam doesn’t complain and demand his removal from power, so it is essential that Miller introduced with this conflict as without it the play wouldn’t be as gripping. This conflict effects the audience by making them realize that even before witchcraft entered the picture there was already a fragility in the community relations in Salem and it’s likely that these conflicts would probably at some time be realised and spark irrational action. Witchcraft is seen as just the trigger to this.

Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay

Hemingway’s story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† appears on the surface as a brief and unremarkable vignette written almost all in dialogue, with minimal action and an unclear final resolution, the story is actually a â€Å"watershed† of narrative invention and a radical shift from Hemingway’s usual perspective, as it is most often defined by readers and critics. As Alan Cheuse remarks in his essay â€Å"†Reflections on Dialogue: â€Å"How D’yuh Get t’Eighteent’ Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent’ Street? â€Å"American writers, â€Å"possess an acute ability to create skeins of seemingly natural language that make up a world out of human speech† (Cheuse) and also represent a special gift for create entire worlds through dialogue, as is readily manifest in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants. † Hemingway’s style of natural language is an elementary base of his technique in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants. † Another narrative strategy is that he strips away the expository writing or the direct information to the reader which would help the reader to place the action of the story in context. Rather than weigh down the narrative, Hemingway leaves his story lean and bare, primarily relying on conflict-charged dialogue between the story’s two main characters. By refusing to included background information or even internal monologue on behalf of the two characters, Hemingway â€Å"leaves virtually everything, even what is at issue between the girl and the American, for the reader to â€Å"figure† out,† and this strategy includes the story’s final resolution: whether or not the girl in story opts to have the couple’s child or whether she chooses as is the man’s desire, to have an abortion. The lack of final resolution is notable enough that even critics are left to their own devices to decide what happens to finish the story and conclude the conflict between the two characters. As one scholar commented, â€Å"the ending has seemed stubbornly indeterminate† (Renner); however, the same critic, Renner, has forwarded a compelling theory as to how the resolution of â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† can be deduced from a careful study of its narrative form, imagery, and symbolism, The conflict in the title: the burden of something unwanted — a â€Å"white elephant† — merged with the symbol of hills suggesting rich fertility extends throughout the story, forms its basic theme, and functions as an axis on which the changing attitudes and evolving conflict between the characters spins. In order to integrate the various levels of narrative along Renner’s theoretical lines in order to find the story’s true resolution, the piece must be examined from a formal perspective with due note given to its imagery and symbolism a well as the nuances contained in the story’s plentiful dialogue, (Renner) which leaves the reader able to deduce that the man in the story has indeed been sensitive to the woman’s situation. According to Renner, the story takes place in four distinct â€Å"movements† and these movements are the key components to understanding the resolution of the story. Renner’s distinction of the four movements follows an ascending structure of character development and character conflict: â€Å"In the first movement we are shown the stereotypical passive female, not even knowing her own mind, accustomed to following a masterful male for her direction in life,† the next movement illustrates the girl’s character development toward â€Å"a dramatic realization of her own mind-her own welfare, dreams, and values;† by the third movement, the girl begins to assert herself, and by the fourth and final movement, â€Å"we see the result of her development toward self-realization† which Renner insists reveals, also, the actual conclusion of the story, (Renner). To extrapolate a probable resolution for the conflict in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† it becomes necessary to examine the conflict which lies under the overt abortion-question of the story. If the story is, indeed, about the â€Å"capitulation† of the girl, then her refusal to capitulate is evident form the action of the story. When the girl says â€Å"Would you please, please, please, please, please, please, please stop talking,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ her victory is indicated. The abortion will not be performed and the realization of her independence form the man has been attained. In this way, Hemingway’s story reveals a feminine point of view and a feminine dominance which is usually not associated with his fiction (Renner). Works Cited Cheuse, Alan. â€Å"Reflections on Dialogue: â€Å"How D’yuh Get t’Eighteent’ Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent’ Street? â€Å". † The Antioch Review Spring 2005: 222+. Meyers, Jeffrey, ed. Ernest Hemingway: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1997. Renner, Stanley. â€Å"Moving to the Girl’s Side of â€Å"Hills like White Elephants. â€Å". † The Hemingway Review 15. 1 (1995): 27+.

Comparing and Contrasting Business Systems in Japan and China Essay

Comparing and Contrasting Business Systems in Japan and China - Essay Example The country’s economy is diverse unlike Japan’s which relies mostly on industries. China depends mostly on agriculture, industries and its cultural heritage (Zheng, 2013). The rate of economic change in China is relatively higher compared to that of Japan. Although Japan has had a significant growth in the late 20th century, China has improved its economic growth in the 21st century in a way that has made it among the best performers in the world. Natural disasters that have hit Japan for the last ten years have left the country at a loss in terms of its economic performance. The country, however, manages to retain a significant rate of economic growth. China has mostly relied on its population and size of the country for much of its improvement in terms of economic development (Blackford 2008, p. 25). China’s economic capabilities can be seen to be way ahead that of Japan. The country has more potential to grow into a super-economy. As mentioned earlier, the mai n challenge facing Japan remains the series of natural disasters that the country has faced. The disasters have left the country in economic turmoil considering the levels it managed to reach in the late 20th century. Japan can be seen to have employed the theory of development of management in a more efficient way than China (Zheng, 2013). This can be attributed to the capitalistic nature of the country. The theory underlines the fundamental guidelines that should be followed in order to have efficient management of businesses. This includes clearly outlining the goals of the business and distancing the business from its owner(s). The extent of owner involvement in the running of businesses in the two countries is... A business system can be defined as a methodical procedure or process used by owners of factors of production as a delivery mechanism for providing goods and services to customers. An efficient business system has the potential of accelerating economic growth in a country while still rewarding owners of the factors of production. On the other hand, a country that adopts inefficient business systems may lug behind in terms of economic growth. This calls for business systems analysts to be involved in the adoption and use of the various business systems in a country. The rate of economic change in China is relatively higher compared to that of Japan. Although Japan has had a significant growth in the late 20th century, China has improved its economic growth in the 21st century in a way that has made it among the best performers in the world. The country, however, manages to retain a significant rate of economic growth after the natural disasters. China has mostly relied on its population and size of the country for much of its improvement in terms of economic development. Japan and China are two of the leading economies in Asia. The countries have both similarities and differences in their business systems. Japan is purely a capitalistic state. China, on the other hand, is both a socialistic and capitalistic state. Although Japan’s capitalistic system has helped it achieve major economic goals, the threat posed by natural disasters still remains a major concern to the country’s economy. China, on the other hand, should adopt a purely capitalistic system in order to realize its full potential in the business sector. This is realistic considering the tremendous levels it has reached with a system that does not work efficiently in the business sector.

Identifying and Managing Project Risk Assignment

Identifying and Managing Project Risk - Assignment Example This is implemented using a project plan. The project I was tasked to manage was to create a stock management system for a proprietor who sells computers and other accessories. The appreciation of risk management assists in getting the knowledge of the occurrence and probabilities of certain risks, planning for them and mitigation techniques to counter them. Risk management takes the step towards managing risks through selection, implementation, and control measures. This creates assurance and confidence in the project team in the event of any uncertain events occurring. Risk management has enabled the creation of control measures in the project that was being created for the proprietor. Knowledge of risk enabled the creation of proper feedback mechanisms for the user of the system such that any problems encountered are directly communicated to the project team through the provided means. The project implementation encountered several surprise events that I will mention. This being an I.T system being built on an I.T environment, the users of the system is always bound to change requirements or the scope of the project. In this case, the proprietor had asked for a system that manages the data he uses, later he noticed that he needs some analytical tools that he did not mention. That had to be accommodated by the project team in the allocated time for a change in requirements. As we discussed the project requirements, there were no provisions for the security of the system by the user, which the project team identified. This prompted consultations with the proprietor about the importance of a secure system and this was handled effectively. This actually enhanced the user and developer communication for the effectiveness of the system.  

Character Archetypes in For Whom the Bell Tolls Essay

Character Archetypes in For Whom the Bell Tolls - Essay Example To begin with, Maria’s story essentially begins when the enchanting American professor, Robert Jordan, enters her life. Before that, she was a rebel, a broken character all but destroyed by the civil war. However, Maria is a survivor. Her very character is symbolic of the war effort in that she has endured the loss of her family, who were brutally murdered by a fascist group, was gang raped by the fascists herself, and then spent time as a prisoner of the fascists, during which time her hair was cut short to symbolize her forced renouncement of the Republican cause. She was an utterly broken woman. Stripped of her family, her dignity, and her inherent power as a woman, Maria was on the verge of giving up—and would have—if not for the shining light that Pilar represented and the sexual redemption found within Robert’s arms. Maria is an inherently sexual heroine. She and Robert make love three times over the course of the novel’s three days and their relationship is fast-forming. Almost instantly, despite the civil war erupting around them, they discover a deep and transcendent love for one another. She is able to, at least outwardly, overcome the monstrous act upon her body; though, psychologically it appears as though she is taking up a sexual relationship with Robert because she is seeking a parallel comfort to her agony. In being sexually hurt, she seeks sexual redemption in the arms of the strong male lead. As a character, Maria is stereotypical and does not experience much evolution during the course of For Whom the Bell Tolls. She is nineteen, and while many women grow to be stronger characters during times of crisis, she maintains a youthful mindset, unable to fully escape from the horrors of her past. It is only when she finds herself safely in the arms of Robert that she attains some semblance of peace. What her character does represent, however, is the archetypal fire of rebellion in the hearts of the rebels during the war. Like the rebels, her heart, while damaged, fought for freedom, seeking solace in the darkness, finding peace in redemption. Ultimately, Maria’s sexual search for self is a direct correlation to the passion of the rebellion and demonstrates that a person can find true peace—an almost transcendent immortality—when the fires of rebellion burn hot within them. On the other hand, Pilar is a diverse and challenging character. She claims she is à ¢â‚¬Å"so simple [she is] complicated† (Hemingway 156). She is tough, almost more so than the male leads of For Whom a Bell Tolls, and, more importantly, she serves as an archetypal symbol for the strength of the Republican cause during the Spanish Civil War. She is a woman unafraid of conflict, and will challenge any of the men for their character flaws, cowardice, and mistakes. Perhaps the most endearing quality to Pilar—and that which makes her more accessible a character than Maria—is that she is nearing fifty and no longer knows the love of a man. She becomes almost instantly jealous of Maria and Robert’s relationship and makes a point of telling Maria so, explaining that â€Å"I love thee and he can have thee, I am no tortillera but a woman made for men†

Social Function of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Function of Art - Essay Example The Art functions in two ways. First is Non Motivated function of Art and the second is Motivated function of Art.Non Motivated function of the art serves no specific purpose and utility. As Aristotle defines it, imitation is one instinct of human nature, therefore creativity is human instinct and it by no means has motivated purpose. Experience of mystics, expression of imagination and universal communication all these are the examples of aesthetic attributes of an individual, there is no reasoning and logic but are meant solely for pleasure. Motivated function of the art, on the other hand, refers to the intentional and conscious actions on the part of the artist. It could be to communicate major social change, political view and specific emotions. Art is a source of entertainment and communication. The nineteenth century saw new developments in the art forms. The three major movements in the art form in this century were-Neoclassicism, Romanticism and Impressionism. As discussed e arlier, art is the expression of change or response to the change in the society. The world was going through rapid urbanization during this era and various art movements are the reflection of the way world responded to the change. For instance, the Neoclassicism was the intellectual movement that was inspired by the of Classicists of Greece and Rome. The art of this movement is identified by its idealized form and stable composition. The artists recognised themselves above other members of the society as pathfinders’ .

Analysis of Financial and Operating Performance of Vodafone Assignment

Analysis of Financial and Operating Performance of Vodafone - Assignment Example The slow growth of sales is caused by the economic recession that started in 2008, the stiff competition from other mobile companies and internal operations problems. The net profit has also decreased in 2009 by 15% because the costs of selling, administrative and unexplained unusual expenses went up. The decline in the net profit will have an effect on the ability of the company to pay its short and long-term obligations as well as earnings per share. Earnings per share for 2009 is $13 and industry is $15 For 2009, the gearing ratio or debt to equity is 1 meaning company has used up an equal weight of debt and equity financing, while for 2008 it is only .63%. Because of this shift to debt financing, the interest expense of the loans has increased from $1398M in 2008 to $1798M 2009. Debt financing becomes risky because of the volatility of interest rate charges. The limited net profit margin makes it difficult for the company to quickly pay its short-term obligation For instance; its current and the quick ratios for the past two years showed a ratio of less than 1 that gives an idea that Vodafone is going to have difficulty in paying its maturing obligations. Investment returns remain the same for 2008 and 2009. Vodafone had significant higher capital investments in 2009 than in 2008 that included long-term investments and acquisitions of property, plant, and equipment. Sources of funds of these investments are debt and equity financing. The return on assets for both periods has been almost the same in spite of additional investments in assets. Consequently, the ROI provided a negative return that should alarm the company. Several factors have contributed to the decrease in share prices of Vodafone. Vodafone Share price as reported on the London Stock Exchange (high) shows  £1.49 for 2005,  £1.55 for 2006,  £1.54 for 2007,  £1.98 for 2008 and a decreased share price of  £1.70 in 2009.

Palestine Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Palestine - Assignment Example The regimes belonging to Britain and France referred to as mandates, in this context. France garnered mandate over Syria just after carving out the Lebanon as a state with a Christian majority. Britain took mandate over areas towards West Bank, Israel, Gaza Strip, and Jordan. In the year 1921, Britain subdivided the region into two parts, from the East of Jordan River transformed into the Emirates of Transjordan, ruled by Faysal’s brother. The other part was from West to the Jordan River, which changed into the Palestine Mandate. Palestine at this time was a unified political unit, for their first time in contemporary history. Agreements should unite all citizens regardless of religion or culture. Nonetheless, the failure to implement article 14 and 15 promoted religious conflicts. It meant that the state never had a defined code for religious claims and rights. Therefore, it led many of the people to oppose the Britain and French oppression as violations of their democratic rights towards self-determination. The state of Palestine worsened as the British failed to fulfill an agreement in the support of the initialization of Jewish national code. Therefore, the divergent opinions by the Palestinian Arab towards the British Mandate thwarted much anticipation for self-rule. In accord, they opposed the Jewish immigration as they considered it a threat to their religious positions. Such feeling of animosity led to the rise of clashes between the Jews and the Arabs in Palestine. Therefore, the failure of Britain to owe up to its promises led to discrepancies that are even continuing in the civilized state in the world. Therefore, rather than preparing the country for self-rule the mandate agreement it sowed the seeds of Arab-Israeli

Managerial Accounting Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Accounting Problem - Essay Example Depreciation only influences net income through taxes, but because I compute before-tax NPV, this doesn't matter. The net cash flow from each year is identical, so the present value of all cash flows can be calculated as PV of annuity with annual payment of 500,000 for 20 years. 2. When calculating after-tax NPV of the new lift, I continue using the data calculated in task #1, but expand it to include the effect of taxes. Depreciation is included in costs this time because it influences the income after tax and therefore the final cash flow. Depreciation is calculated based on MACRS recovery period of 10 years (taken from Table 6.4. on p.122, Brealey, Myers & Allen, 2006). The after-tax required return of 8% is used to calculate the net present value of cash flows from the project. Because the net cash flows for periods 12 - 20 are identical, I first found their net present value at the beginning of the 12th period and then discounted them back to period 0. 3. There is a number of subjective factors that can affect the investment decision apart from NPV of the project.

The Himba Ideology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Himba Ideology - Essay Example As animals are consecrated to the Himba, the passing of an elder is the only momentous occasion for cattle to be slaughtered. By relocating ancestral fire to the exact place of burial, community life is physically and centered internally on the fire. The Himba consistently migrate back to sacred sites and burials, taking with them ashes of their sacred fires (Salopek). Ritualistically blessing each morning’s cattle milking at the fire through their ancestors, the Himba are spiritually reinforced and sustained each day by their cattle, ancestors, and Creator (Crandall 72). The Himba are outstanding people to look at. The women are topless and clad in mini-skirts made of goat skins decorated with shells and jewelry made of iron and copper. The men wear goatskin loin cloths. Both men and women smear their skin with a mixture of rancid butter, ash, and ochre to guard them against the harsh desert climate. The paste (Otjize) is often mixed with the aromatic resin of the Omuzumba shrub, a little like adding cologne to a suntan lotion. As well as protection from the sun, the deep red color is a highly needed look in the Himba culture. It is certainly eye-catching and very beautiful. The Himba use the same paste (Otjize) on their hair which is long and plaited into complex designs. You can tell the marital status of a Himba lady by the way she puts her hair. The men also change their hairstyle to denote their social position. A married man, for example, wears his hair in a turban. The leather used is not treated, so it a pretty smelly.

World Beer Consumption Essay Example for Free

World Beer Consumption Essay Approximately, 100 billion liters of beer are consumed around the world every year (Olfir, 2007). The worldwide growth rate of beer consumption has been recorded for the past 19 years (Kirin Holdings, 2005). This, however, is not to say that the beer consumption around the world is alike. The alcoholic beverage consumption levels around the world and the rates at which these increase vary from one country to another. For example, in India the annual consumption of beer is . 5 litters per capita (Gupta, 2007), where as in Czech Republic, the consumption of beer is 156. 9 liters per capita per year (Olfir, 2007). There are many factors that contribute to the difference in beer consumption levels amongst different countries. Some of these factors include the stability of the country’s economy, laws and regulations, religion, and culture. Economy I believe that the economy of a nation plays an important role in the levels of beer consumption in different parts of the world. The demand for beer is rapidly increasing in nations whose economy is on the rise. Some of these economies include Asia, particularly China, Eastern Europe, and Africa (Access Capital, 2010). For example, In 1966 China only consumed about half a bottle of beer. As the average per capita income has increased so has the consumption of beer, reaching 103 beers per person in 2007 (Appebaum, 2011). Laws and Regulations Laws and regulations on alcoholic beverages also have an effect on the consumption of beer. In most cases, if not all, laws have the ability to hinder the increasing rates consumption of alcohol. For example, the principle of prohibition is intensely recommended by the Indian constitution and Indian law prohibits the advertisement of alcoholic beverage (Ranganathan, 1994). This is one of the reasons why their per capita consumption is so low. On the other hand, legislation may cause for consumption levels to increase. For example, in Czech Republic, Ireland and Germany, the top three nations with the highest beer consumption (Olfir, 2007), the minimum legal drinking age is between 16 and 18 years of age. Because people can start drinking at an earlier age legally, the amount of drinkers is higher in these countries. Religion As previously mentioned, India consumes approximately . 5 litters per capita on a yearly basis. Although this number might seem insignificant compared to other countries, such as Czech Republic, it is important to note that the consumption over the last few years has increased at a rate of about seven percent annually (Gupta, 2007). An important factor to such low rate is religion (Ranganathan, 1994). As Shanthi Ranganathan mentions in the article, The Most Sensible Thing is Not to Drink, Hinduism, the largest religion followed in India, the consumption of alcohol is known as one of the five heinous crimes. It is compared to adultery and murder (Ranganathan, 1994), making it a horrible act. Christianity, on the contrary, has more open-minded beliefs in regards with the consumption of alcohol (Wig, 1994). Culture Another country that can be used as an example to explain the difference in beer consumption levels among different countries is France whose beer consumption level per capita is 35. 5 liters per year (Lansdell, 2006). Compared to other countries, France may be considered to have a lower level of alcoholic consumption. The biggest contributor to this countries consumption level, I believe, is the culture of the country. When drinking, in most cases, French prefer wine instead of beer and they take their time to consume their beverages, unlike Americans, who are always in a rush to do everything. Worldwide Brewers and Increased Beer Consumption Each year, 2. 5 million people worldwide die do to alcohol or beer consumption. Alcohol is attributed to being the third greatest factor for diseases (W. , 2011). I believe that due to the great risk factor that comes with the consumption of alcohol, worldwide brewers should not have the ability to grow at such a fast rate all around the world. Although the industry could possibly help the economic stability of a country, I believe it does a greater harm to the different nations. I believe that one possibly solution that would allow the beer industry to prosper without causing much harm, is if as they enter a nation to introduce their product, they help create programs that educate people on the consumption of alcohol. I believe that if people are educated on the subject matter and know the consequences of drinking this product, they will continue to consume the beverage but being more responsible. This, in my opinion, will not have a negative affect on the beer industry. Another way that a nation can prevent the consequences of alcohol consumption caused by worldwide brewers is by creating greater taxation or other barriers that would hinder the production and selling of beer in their nation. This scenario, however, might be one that the beer industry might one to avoid. Unlike my first suggestion, this would have a greater negative impact on the industry. Such situation would lower sales in the given country affecting the revenue of the company. I also believe that although the rate of alcohol consumption in many developing countries is increasing, these rates will begin to slow down. Although, as mentioned earlier, economy prosperity may help increase the levels of alcohol consumption, it is also true that after a certain level of prosperity, people tend to consider quality when purchasing a product. For example, Ethiopians may start consuming low-end beer, however, as their financial stability begins to prosper they might continue to upgrade until they convert to wine-drinkers. Works Cited W. , C. (2011, February 12). W. H. O. Report on Worldwide Alcohol Abuse. Retrieved October 03, 2011, from lifering. org: http://lifering. org/2011/02/w-h-o-report-on-worldwide-alcohol-abuse/ Wig, N. (1994, September). Alcohol in the Third World. (D. p. Knight, Ed. ) Retrieved September 30, 2009, from unhooked. com: http://www. unhooked. com/sep/thirdworl. html Access Capital. (2010). Investing in Ethiopia. Access Capital. Appebaum, B. (2011, April 25). Beer Drinking and What It Says About China’s Economy. Retrieved October 03, 2011, from Economix: http://economix. blogs. nytimes. com/2011/04/23/beer-drinking-and-what-it-says-about-chinas-economy/ Gupta, V. K. (2007, February 15). The Beer industry in India in context of Consumer Buying Behavior. Retrieved October 3, 2011, from inidiamaba. com: http://www. indianmba. com/Faculty_Column/FC519/fc519. html Kirin Holdings. (2005, December 15). Kirin Research Institute of Drinking and Lifestyle . Retrieved Ocotober 3, 2011, from Kirin Holdings: http://www. kirinholdings. co.jp/english/ir/news_release051215_1. html Lansdell, G. (2006). Top 10: Drinking Countries. Retrieved October 03, 2011, from askmen. com: http://www. askmen. com/feeder/askmenRSS_article_print_2006. php? ID=949422 Olfir, E. (2007). Volume of World Beer Consumption. (G. Elert, Editor) Retrieved 0ctober 3, 2011, from http://hypertextbook. com: http://hypertextbook. com/facts/2001/JohnnyAlicea. shtml Ranganathan, S. (1994, September ). Alcohol in the Third World. Retrieved September 30, 2009, from unhooked. com: http://www. unhooked. com/sep/thirdworl. html.

The Practice of Leadership and Management as a Nurse

The Practice of Leadership and Management as a Nurse Management is an economic resource to meet objective. It is a social process entailing responsibility for the effective and economical planning and regulations of the operations of an enterprise in fulfillment of the given purpose. Leadership on the other hand is the process of influencing individuals or groups towards achievement of a goal in a given situation. The purpose of this paper is mainly to synthesize differing leadership and management concepts and to apply principles of leadership and management, team building concepts, and organizational theory to nursing clinical practice. This is to ensure quality improvement, ensuring that the financial data is up to date, to ensure minimal risks occur at the health centers and avoid recurrent clinical problems. It is therefore important as a nurse to apply leadership and management concepts to ensure that there is motivation for the good operation under the hospitals. Nursing management is the performance of the leadership functions whilst ensuring the leadership powers are kept in place. This leadership powers include: coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, reference, information and should make sure they are all wrapped and exercised. Nursing management includes all the main functions of management namely: Planning; this includes the forecasting and the selection of objectives with the policies, programs and procedures for achieving them. Nurses should therefore be in a position to plan with clear focus Organizing; this is concerned with decision of work and the allocation of duties, authority and responsibility. This will enable nurses to avoid reoccurring of previous errors. Directing/leading; it involves the guiding and supervising subordinates. The nurses must make sure the subordinates are oriented into the understanding why, guided towards improved performance and motivated to work effectively towards the hospitals goals Controlling; it is the process involved in setting up of standards, the regular comparison of physical events with standards and then taking up the corrective actions. The nursing management is therefore applying this functions and leadership roles especially at the nursing unit. They also have other primary responsibilities of staffing, motivating, communicating, commanding and budgeting among others. Importance of Management and Leadership to Nurse Managers Firstly, it ensure quality improvement by incorporating unity of direction, unity of command, stability of staff which will lead to a sense of belonging and ensures patients are well taken care of. Also it helps by ensuring that the financial data is up to date by employing the principle of authority and responsibility which calls for accountability and prevents misuse of authority. In addition it minimizes risks at the health centers by making sure there are order and a scalar chain of command and conclusively, avoids recurrent clinical problems. Difference between Leaders and Managers leaders generally innovate and develop while managers administer and maintain Leaders focus on people inspiring trust and openness while managers focus on systems and structures and make staffs rely on control Leaders do the right things and keep an eye on the horizon while managers do things right and keep an eye on the bottom line Leaders originate things whereas managers imitate things Leaders change the status quo while managers accept the status quo Management Style and Leadership style The contingency approach or situational approach suggests that there is no one best way to manage and organize but rather, successful managerial decisions options depends upon the situations and circumstances in which such decisions are made. Autocratic leadership style is considered as a classical approach to leadership or dictatorship. It is one in which the managers retain as much decision making authority as possible. Bureaucratic leadership is where the managers manage by the book that is; everything must be done according to procedure or policy. Laissez fair is the one in which the leader provides little or no direction and gives employees as much freedom as possible. All authorities are given to employees and they must determine their goals, make decision and resolve problems on their own. Democratic leadership style encourages employees to perform part of their decisions. Democratic manager keeps his or her employees informed about everything that affect their work and shares decision making and problem solving responsibility. I would therefore apply the democratic leadership style since it will ensure that I consider the subordinates that units for the benefit of the health care and the society at large. II. Application of leadership and management of nursing practice Case Scenario A health care that envisages providing the best and competitive health care facilities must have staff example the charge nurse, sister nurse who are excellent in their chosen disciplines, have strong leadership capabilities, and are comfortable working in the environment. Top managers of the unit should therefore posses distinct characteristics of great leaders, thus being a boon to the health unit and society especially as patients. Also strategic management is believed to spread the realization of organizational objectives. The intensity of global competitiveness in best service requires managers to adopt strategic management and be well versed with the characteristics associated with strategic decisions. Problem Being the nurse in charge of advanced health care institute, there has been problems as a result of poor management and leadership skills. Firstly the employees turnover is high that is the numbers of employees under various department employed per year is almost 100%.Secondly the health care members usually receive orders from various supervisors bringing forth a lot of confusion, the division of labor is poorly done such that some patients may be attended by more than one nurse and the others may fail to be attended. The problems that were previously done are reoccurred therefore making the number of patients to get services to other health care unit .In addition there are a lot of complains from other staff that their remuneration is not fair enough and that the level of job satisfaction is quite low. Plan action Behavioral approach to management; this is based on the perception that those involved in the organization are the predetermining of organizational and managerial effectiveness. It is concerned with understanding of the individual workers with emphasis on motivation, needs, interpersonal relationships and group dynamics. For instance, Douglas Mc Greggor-Theory X and Theory Y .Douglas MC Greggor believed that employees are lazy beings hence managers should use carrot and stick in motivating employees in theory X assumption. In theory Y assumptions Douglar MC Greggor believed that work is like a play and if a play is not interesting the employees will not be interested in the play. With this kind of a system and applying Henri Fayols principles of management that are relevant to principles management, I will ensure that there is fair remuneration, that also there is stability of staff, the principle of unity of command will also be useful by ensuring that members receive orders from on ly one supervisor. The most appropriate leadership style to succumb the problem is democratic leadership style which requires a leader to be a couch that has the final say but gathers information from the staffs before making a decision Steps in resolving this problem Problem recognition Problem definition Planning and design Solve the problem Implement the problem Strategies of leading and managing people Motivation is the process that accounts for an individual intensity, directions and persistence of efforts towards attaining a goal. It is the reasons why employees would want to work hard and work effectively for the organization. To motivate those involved towards a solution requires the elements of motivation which are; ability, level of skills, knowledge about how to complete the task, attitude, fillings and beliefs. By applying the motivation that is content theory and process theory, managers will be able to increase their motivation capacity. To gain effective support, the managers should ensure that they guide and supervise the subordinates accordingly and by way of example. The transfer of information between different people in a business should have a unit of direction to avoid conflict and confusion in authority. Change Theory Change is making things different or doing things in different ways. In most organization, change activities are activated. The modern approach to changes requires organization to be proactive to changes. In nursing management, for instance there are stimulants to changes. The emergence of newly created or reregulations of existing laws, increased in the number of accidents and errors, high level of labour turnover, changes in the legal system governing labour and other general areas. The change process includes; Initial problem identification where the initial problem is identified Obtaining data relating to the problem through different methods of data collection Problem diagnosis to understand the roots of the problem Action planning; this involves strategically having plans for solving the problem Implementation which involves application of the problem solving techniques to the problem Assessment of the consequences and learning from the process and giving feedback to other interconnected individuals and steps Organizational Environment Management environment refers to forces influencing organizational activity and management policies from within and outside the organization. The internal environment refers to the internal resources, activities and events of the organizational members. The stakeholders depending if it is a profitable or non profitable organization have a direct and specific impact upon organizational operation, the general environment especially the patients affect the organization. My strategy to solve the problem will have a social, cultural, economic, political impact on the agency. III. Evaluation Today the notion of total quality management means that the total organization is committed to quality. Total quality management means a total effort towards meeting customer needs and ensures selection by planning for quality. This can be easily evaluated by the outcomes of the staff members in accordance to the expected results. My plan would have work if the results are as per my plans and all the other problems are resolved. This is by ensuring there are no recurrent clinical problems and the clinic operates efficiently. Barriers Staff resistance to change is as a result of selective perception, fear of unknown, organizational culture and custom, anticipated inconveniences and probably economic factors. In addition the cost of analyses and making these changes is high and the organization may consider the cost outweighing the benefits. Also, the time required to solve the problems, making changes and coming up with a new plan may be too much and the organization may decide to ignore the problems. Furthermore there may be circumstances where the project will fail land this may lead to abandoning the project that was to incorporate change. In addition there can be changing priority and another plan has to be developed. IV. Summary In summary a leader should employ aspects of a good and effective leader. By applying the different leadership style that is autocratic, bureaucratic, and democratic and laissez fair, a leader should ensure that he is competent enough. Management is a social process entailing responsibility for the effective and economical planning and regulations of the operations of the enterprise, in fulfillment of the given purpose. Also the manager should ensure that he applies the principle of management especially scientific management and art management. There is still a sense of art in all management and in intuition is a very useful guide. Nobody will say that book learning will make successful manager. The importance fear of human relations with its psychological contacts is often a matter of personality more than procedure .Nursing management will thus involve incorporating all the principles and functions of management in order to ensure effective work is done and incorporating leadershi p style to motivate and cooperate with other staffs. Conclusion

Introduction To Project Management Management Essay

Introduction To Project Management Management Essay Project management is the planning, organizing and managing of tasks and resources to accomplish a defined objective, usually with constraints on time and cost. Most projects, whether they are large and complex or small and simple, can be planned by breaking the project into small, easily manageable tasks, scheduling the tasks, and then tracking the tasks as work progresses. Project management helps you answer questions such as: What is to be done? Who will complete the task? When must it be done? How much will it cost? What happens if work isnt completed on time? Planning the project and creating a schedule This includes defining the tasks and their duration, setting up relationships between tasks, and, if you are tracking resource usage, assigning resources. All later phases of the project are based directly on the information you provide when you first plan your project. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Managing changes This is an ongoing process that begins once you create a schedule and the project starts, and ends when the project is complete. It includes tracking and adjusting your schedule to reflect changes that occur as the project progresses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Communicating project information This is a very important process that involves communicating project information to clients, project staff, and management. Project management software is productivity software that will assist you in each of these steps. Many professionals find it is among the most productive tools in their skill set. In todays business it is in the best interest of companies to have project managers. Common sense isnt always usually accomplished. For anyone whos ever worked on a project in a technical setting knows this. Indeed, much of working with others consists of solving unexpected problems and learning from mistakes along the way.    Knowing this and having the proper tools a project manager will be able to manage and complete the most intense project out there.   Ã‚   It seems that people time and again have the wrong impression of what a project manager does.    It is not about being able to create a compound plan to hang on the wall.    It is not about setting up conference after conference.    This is about understanding a big business objective, understanding the technology involved, being able to communicate at an assortment of levels, being able to encourage and direct people, being able to handle the constant worry and troubles, and being structured enough to make certain the whole thing that needs to get completed, gets completed.    What this comes down to is a project manager should be able to meet or exceed all of the stakeholders expectations.    The project manager also must be able to get others to work with limited authority throughout the duration.    Doing most of the work yourself is a poor long-term development strategy and will never solve the problem. In every project there are always some universal characteristics that will be shared.    They all have a comprehensible and established purpose and very distinct life durations. Overall, all projects are doing something that may possibly be new or yet a onetime endeavor but have explicit requirements which include; time, price, and performance. Project management deals with tools, people, and systems. (Lewis) The first project of this module is to do a group poster presentation. We have limited time to carry out research and we were worn off by the intensive lectures. This is where I found out how time management and team work play as important elements for success. We distributed the workload among ourselves and set a time frame for completion. Group members were to adhere to the time frame stipulated. This is how we manage to complete a simple presentation, with many hidden hard work behind our success. A project manager should have certain qualities in order to successfully execute a project and then run them successfully for the project to be a hit in the market. A project manager should have certain attribute for successful in a project and they are Monitoring and Controlling: Project manger always monitors the work done by his team members and has control over the entire project. They also have to make sure about the budget estimated at the beginning of the project. Self-esteem: Project manager should always motivate his team members to do their work sincerely and help by supporting each and every one at the work. Leadership skills: Project Manager should have leadership qualities to manage the team. Project closure The final objective is project closure which includes verifying that all of the work has been accomplished, check the Contractual closure of the contract, financial closure of the charge numbers and finally administrative closure of the paperwork. Successful project management can then be defined as having achieved the project objectives. Project management has evolved to plan, co-ordinate and control the complex and diverse activities of modern industrial, commercial and management change and IT projects (Lock 2009). Chunnel Tunnel: Introduction The Chunnel tunnel project undertaken to create a connection between England and France via underground tunnel, presents one of the largest privately funded construction projects ever under taken. It required the cooperation of two national governments, bankers underwriting the funding for the projects, numerous contractors and several regular agencies. The construction and engineering of the tunnel required the use of new technology and required significant modifications during the project due to unexpected conditions and changes required by various parties. This case study demonstrates the numerous factors which played during the course of the project that has significant effects on the overall course of the project. At the end Chunnel project was completed, but it was late and over budgeted. The promotion of and investment in the Channel Tunnel was a challenging multinational affair drawing in institutions from several countries. In this paper, I concentrate on the promotion of the abortive tunnel project of 1957-1975 and the ultimately successful venture a decade later, focusing on governments and companies in Britain, France, the United States, and Japan. I identify the management and sharing of risk as the critical elements in the Tunnels political economy. Here, the difficulties produced by the quadripartite quilt of negotiations involving two governments (Britain and France) and two tunnel companies are at center stage, though I also argue that American involvement was important in the first project, and Japanese financial support was critical in the second. The debates concerned the type of crossing, questions of ownership versus licensing and regulation, and the importance of making public investment in related and supporting infrastructure. The Channel Tunnel has significance as a prototype of public-private partnership in Britain, and I draw lessons from the experience, referring in particular to the challenges presented by the infrastructure project circle.The paper draws on material assembled for Terry Gourvish, The Official History of the Channel Tunnel (London, 2006). It all started in 1802 when French forward a proposal to tunnel under the English Channel, which would be illuminated using oil lamps, horse-drawn coaches for transportation and also an artificial mid-channel foe changing horses. But, the project was delayed for a very long period In 1955 both British and French governments supported surveys and in 1974, a government-funded the twin tunnel project with car shuttle wagons. Later in 1975 British government had no interest in funding the project so they had no objection for a privately funded project. And hence the project was given into the hands of the private companies. On 2 july 1985, both French and British formed a group Channel Tunnel Group/France. The design and construction was done by this company as the project was undertaken by private companies. The Chunnel Tunnel is a build -own- operate- transfer project with a concession. And the British and French governments will hold the control on final engineering and safety decisions, now those were in the hands of Channel Tunnel Safety Authority. Eleven tunnel boring machines, which were working from both the sides of the tunnel cut through two rail tunnels and the service tunnel, this started in 1988, and 1994 operating of the tunnel began. And it was estimated that the cost of the construction was  £4.650 billon.15000 people were employed with daily expenditure over  £3 million. And ten workers were killed during the construction process. The Eurotunnel completed tunnel boring on time, hence the tunnel was finally opened officially by British Queen Elizabeth II and French President Francois Mitterand in a ceremony held in Calais on 6th may 1994. The Chunnel Tunnel also known as (French: Chunnel tunnel source ls manche) is a 50.5-Kilometer undersea rail tunnel linking Folk stone, Kent near Dover in the United Kingdom with coquilles, Pas-de-Calais near Calais in northern France. At its lowest point, it is 75 meters (250 ft) deep 1802 Channel tunnel proposal was brought across by Albert Mathieu 1875 The beginning of Channel Tunnel Company Ltd 1882 Abbots Cliff had reached 897  yards (820 m) and Shakespeare Cliff was 2,040  yards (1,870 m) in length. January 1975 British-French government stopped there backed scheme support in 1974 February 1986 They proceeded the project with the permission of Treaty of Canterbury June 1988 In France the First tunneling was started December 1988 Tunneling operation was started in UK December 1990 Broke down of the service tunnel under the Channel May 1994 The formal inauguration by The Queen and President(French) Mid 1994 Passenger and Cargos started using the trains November 1996 Due to fire there was huge damage in the tunnel November 2007 After the renovation the tunnel was re opened for the public. Fig. SOME IMPORTANT DATES. Challenges: Communication Gap Communication plays a very vital role in a project, not only for the project managers but also for the rest of the team members. This is one of the factors driving a project to success or failure. England and France are the two groups of people who were working together and there were communication gap between two teams, which leads to major delay of the project. Planning There was no proper planning for this project as this was the first project towards Chunnel, none of them were aware how to go about it and what are the different kinds of challenges they will come across during this project and they were unable to project on anything. In every stage they use to come up with different problems and that use to take time this use to reflect time factors and because of this budget use to go high. Strengths Technically strongly built, hence a successful Quality Management implemented. Back office support was excellent. Good team work between two groups. A winning proposal under build owner transfer granted to CTG and overall quality of work impressive, work place accident rates were below the industrial average and implementation of effective change management. Weakness Time delay and over budget, project was not well planned, poor change management, risk management was not in place, change in design resulted in project delay, litigation and claims was high in the project, lack of team work and communication, financial model optimistic resulted in cost increase, scope was not well defined and rolling stock and specifications were not the same between British and French. Lessons to be learnt: Due to proper planning there was delay at work provide adequate defined scope and a well planned changed management system, the sound risk management technique and adequate planning and research techniques to be put in place. Good coordination between two governments and try minimizing the litigation and claims by brining proper planning in place. We had a great time doing this project. The time and money spent on Channel tunnel inspired all team members to take a trip through the Euro-France Eurotunnel. While preparing a poster me and other team memebers got an oppurtunity to watch a documentary video on Euro tunnel filmed by Discovery channel. Project management theories of team leadership was a big lesson I got to learn while doing this poster. One of the team members took control when the team dynamism was coming to a stand still. Watching him giving direction to team and motivating various team members to perform was when I understood leadership roles. I played a role of organiser in the team. I took responsibility to keep track of every ones effort in the team. I also passed on their work done to every other team member, and acknowledged that member. Presentation skills was of most importance in poster making as we were not allowed to explain the posters, whereas the posters had to speak for themselves. All the team had to put their thinking caps on and rack brains to come with a good presentation idea. At first we planned to put everything we had into the poster but later realised that would over crowd the poster. Hence then we sorted the data we had and then easened our poster with a partitioned look and a title in the middle. Project Life Cycle C:UsersdellDocumentsProject metodology.JPG Project Life Cycle As can been seen in the methodology lifecycle graph shown in the poster and also attached in the appendix, our poster making task was a smooth run. Our module leader Michael Snelgrove assigned our team Jaguar with Chunnel Tunnel case study. To make a poster on Chunnel Tunnel project case study wasnt a easy task. I joined the team later hence in the second week the team introduced me to the case study and we all decided to meet again with highlighted essentials. The week after we all discussed and distributed essential task amongst ourselves every Niaz introduced us to the title Everything Comes Down To Money as in the Chunnel Tunnel project the blotted budget was the big issue. Everyone agreed with the title and started with further data collection, Niloy one of the team members gave me the sources for study materials and there on we finalized the total data and content to be presented in the poster. We discussed reaming time cost of printing, specification of poster and risk of show ing some required data on the poster. Every one confirmed their acceptance towards work submitted by each team member. The printing cost of the poster were one of the issues in one of the data meetings but the module leader Michael Snelgrove solved the problem by taking responsibility for poster printing costs, as we were nearing the data submission we discussed our work with the module leader and requested for suggestions to improve the poster then more amendment tasks were distributed among ourselves we then finally sat together and finalized the poster. Analysis and Communications were the major skills we used for the successful completion of the given task. We received positive comments on the judgment day of poster except for our criticism on showing the Hitlers photograph in the poster. Conclusion After doing the poster makings the group has a whole understood that no previous experience and hidden technical costs resulted in late compellation of the project with the bloated budget.

The Issue of Happiness in Gooseberries Essay example -- Gooseberries E

The Issue of Happiness in Gooseberries One who seeks their own happiness through life will fail to do much good for others. A preoccupation with achieving this "ideal" state of happiness will certainly lead to an inconsiderate view of the world. Anton Chekhov's story Gooseberries portrays a man who has come to this realization. He has seen the consequences of pure unadulterated happiness, and describes his subsequent emotions as "melancholy". Why should an educated man, a veterinary surgeon none the less, have such issues with human happiness? This paper seeks to understand the question and relate it to the motives of the author, Anton Chekhov. It is important, first of all, to ascertain the meaning of the word happiness in the context which it is used in the story. This would be a good time to give the Webster's Dictionary definition of the word happiness. But is that really necessary? Who is Webster anyway to attempt to define a human emotion!? Instead, it would be more accurate definition if you simply think of your own happiness. What makes you happy? What do you do in order to attain happiness? Only after you answer these questions will you be able to understand the word in the way that Chekhov intended. Wouldn't it be difficult to suppress happiness? If you don't think so, just ask Bertha from Bliss. In the first paragraph of Gooseberries, the last line reads, "On this still day, when the whole of nature seemed kindly and pensive, Ivan Ivanich and Burkin felt a surge of love for this plain, and thought how vast and beautiful their country was". If beauty and love don't afford happiness, what does? It becomes apparent after reading and re-reading the story, what Chekhov means by the word happiness. T... ...easants at his home without fee. Chekhov also worked in clinics during times of famine and epidemic. Thus, Chekhov was exposed to all of "...the terrible things in life that are played out behind the scenes". Although Chekhov performed many good deeds throughout his life, it is likely that he felt as if he had not done enough. One reason why he might have felt this way was his long and painful battle with tuberculosis. As he writes near the end of the story: "I am old and unfit for the struggle, I am even incapable of feeling hatred. I can only suffer inwardly, and give way to irritation and annoyances, at night my head burns from the rush of thoughts, and I am unable to sleep...Oh, if only I were young!" Anton Chekhov was by no means old when he died from tuberculosis. But how it must make a man feel old knowing that his days are numbered.

ark Twain’s novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Twain Huck Finn

A home is normally portrayed as a dwelling in which a person feels safe and is able to be themselves. In Mark Twain’s novel, The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, Huck, the protagonist, thinks of the river as his home. All his life the shore has had negative connotations, but after he moves to the river, everything changes for the better. While on land, he is brutalized by his father, forced into conformity by Miss Watson, and a witness to a murder. While on the river, he finds his family and learns to relax. There are many examples of family in the novel, some functional, others figurative. When Huck is on the land, he encounters many different types of families; including his relationship with his father, Pap. Pap has many views about how Huck should be raised, including his belief that Huck should not be taught to read; â€Å"You’re educated, too, they say; can read and write. You think you’re better’n your father, now, don’t you, because he can’t?... I’ll lay for you, my smarty; and if I catch you about that school, I’ll tan you good† (18). Pap’s reaction to Huck’s education is appalling. As a father, he should only have Huck’s best interest at mind, not concentrating on keeping his child illiterate. Unfortunately, this is not the only example of familial dysfunction we see in the novel. When Huck loses Jim in the water, he washes up and is found by the Grangerfords. This animalistic family is feuding with a neighboring clan, the Shepherdsons, when neither side knows the actual root of the argument. These two families are heartless, and even though they seem civilized enough with their formalities and nice houses, they are savages. Death is a common occurrence, towards which an eyelash never batted. Huck meets his counterpart, Buck, and soon sees how deranged this family really is with the death of Mr. Grangerford. â€Å"[Buck] said his father and his two brothers was killed..Buck said his father and brothers ought to waited for their relations-- the Shepherdsons were too strong for them† (97). Even though Huck feels like he fits in with the Grangerfords, he is horrified at the way they view the deaths of their kinsmen. When Buck dies, Huck becomes very upset, solely because one of the few people who he has cared about is dead. Although Huck feels an attachment to the Grangerfords, they do not function as a family and do not treat him accordingly.

How Kurt Vonneguts Life Efected his Work :: essays papers

How Kurt Vonneguts Life Efected his Work Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. was born in Indianapolis in 1922. His father was an architect, his mother a noted beauty. Both spoke German, but wouldn’t teach Kurt the language because of all the anti-German sentiment following the first World War. While in high school, Vonnegut edited the school's daily newspaper. He attended Cornell for a little over two years and wrote for the Cornell Daily Sun. In 1942, he was drafted into the U.S. Army. In 1944, his mother committed suicide and he was taken prisoner following the Battle of the Bulge. After the war, Vonnegut entered a Masters program in anthropology at the University of Chicago. His thesis, titled Fluctuations Between Good and Evil in Simple Tales, was not accepted, but eventually he was awarded his MA for his writings in Cat’s Cradle. Throughout the 1950s Vonnegut published numerous short stories in national magazines. Player Piano, his first novel, appeared in 1952. This was followed by Sirens of Titan in 1959, Mother Night (1962), Cat's Cradle (1963), God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater (1965), and his most highly-praised book, Slaughterhouse Five in 1969. Vonnegut has been prolific in the subsequent years, too. His most recent novel Timequake was published in 1997. On February 13, 1945, while Vonnegut was still a POW in Dresden, the city was bombed killing 135,000 citizens. Vonnegut and other Allied POW’s took shelter in an underground meat locker. This was the basis for one of Vonnegut’s most famous works, Slaughterhouse-Five. "All of this happened, more or less. The war parts, anyway, are pretty much true."1 So begins Slaughterhouse-Five. In the book an American POW named Billy Pilgrim witnesses and survives the firebombing of Dresden. Later, after he makes it home from the war, Pilgrim is kidnapped by aliens from the planet Tralfamadore. They explain to him their concept of time and space and that we exist solely for them. Vonnegut has said that he always intended to write about his experience, but was unable to do so for more than twenty years. He wanted to simply describe what happened through a narrative, but it never worked. The novel is a response to war. "It is so short and jumbled and jangled," says Vonnegut, "because there is nothing intelligent to say about a massacre." It’s easy to see how Vonnegut’s war time experience had an influence on Slaughterhouse-Five but, his knowledge of war also had some influence on Cat’s Cradle.

Case

It is obviously that the senior partner that I have made an appointment with already has done her ‘interviews' with different competitors who is trying to selling the similar product to the same person. The senior partner IS already done her homework between the four or five competitors, including the office machine you are trying to sell. When the senior partner asked me about why my machine is better than bran X; I simply reinstated the benefits of why my machine is better than bran X. I gave the best pitch I could to her with all of my true knowledge about the office machine and benefits that would help her.There are some â€Å"What l? ‘ scenarios that could of played out with my appointment with the prospect: 1 . Could of told the senior partner that the machine that am selling to her has this many more features, benefits, and any other small function and exaggerate its description. This would have been an unethical conflict because I am pitching false advertisement to my buyer, whether or not it is true or false. 2. Another way that I could of responded to her is to say that my machine is the best because of this and that, and flat out say a little white lie. It would have been easy to tell her a little white lie about our office machines. Could of thrown out the paper or even crumple up the paper and say that the company's marketing research of the Brand X 2000 is full of crap. That company is trying to make themselves look better than the rest, and put down their competitors, whether or not I know it was an obvious lie. If was to do any one of the three that I have just listed, that would of bee an ethical conflict. If I was to tell her little white lies, that would be another ethical conflict between the company and the prospect. Companies want to build a relationship with their potential buyers, and continue to grow the allegations.By having an employee from the company lie to their buyers would crumble the relationship, potentially ending it. This ethical conflict would not be just any ethical conflict, but a business ethical conflict. However, I believe that there is an business ethical conflict that occurred in this case. The business ethical conflict is how the company, the one company the prospect has in mind, gave her their Market Research Brand X, 2000. It violated the business ethic code. That specific business is targeting their competitors, bring their reputation down, allowing that company to shine above the rest.My response to the chart on the piece of paper was neutral and was the most professional response, despite how angry I was. Would you try to reverse your prospect's decision? Why or Why not? I would not try to reverse my prospect's decision, especially if it seems like she has a) basically made up her mind on which machine to get, but needs ensure that she listened to the different office machines and b) she did her ‘homework' on the competitors office machine. The reason why would not rever se is because if she is almost certain on which type of office machine to SE, it would be a waste of both, the prospect's and mine's time. Case Bed Bath & Beyond (B&B, vim. Featherbedding. Comb the power retailer of domestics and home furnishings, has annual sales of $7 billion and a net Income of $562 million. The firm's profitability can be explained by Its Increasing gross profit margins at the same time It decreases selling, general, and administrative (AS) expenses as a percent of sales.B Is able to Increase Its gross profit margins due o Its excellent atmosphere, wide assortments, and a deep variety within most merchandise lines. Its control over AS expenses is partly due to the outsourcing of its distribution centers to a third party. B has opened hundreds of stores over the last few years, ranging in size from 30,000 to 80,000 square feet. Because it uses a flexible real-estate strategy, B is able to situate in a variety of locations. B is now also being allowed into large shopping centers. In the past, department store anchor tenants blocked B.In 2004, B had about 630 stores with a total of 20. Million square feet o f store space. By the end of 2008, these numbers had expanded to nearly 1,000 stores with 31 million square feet of store space. Its long-term goal is to operate 1,300 stores. In addition, B plans to remodel and expand many existing stores. In 2003, B purchased Christmas Tree Shops (www. Chromatography's. Com), a chain of stores specializing in software and household items. Although the Christmas Tree Shops' name suggests that it concentrates on Christmas merchandise, the chain Is positioned against Pier 1 (win. . Piper . Com). In March 2007, 88&8 acquired buybuyBABY (www. buybuybaby. Com), a retailer specializing in infant and toddler merchandise. In December 2007, B opened Its first foreign 88&8 store In Ontario, Canada. In May 2008, B purchased a 50 percent equity Interest In Home & More, a Mexican home goods retailer that operated two stores In Mexico City. B management (as well as many retail analysts) attributes the chain's strong sales performance to Its superior customer ser vice. B&B Is obsessive about Its consumers receiving a consistently high level of customer service.For example, one cent shopper at a suburban Long Island store reported that a sales clerk was highly attentive: When the shopper asked the clerk where she could find a set of dishes listed on a bridal registry, the clerk immediately dropped what she was doing. The clerk then located the dishes and stood by the shopper as she decided whether to purchase the set and even had the dishes brought to a nearby checkout so that the the checkout to facilitate the transaction. In 2008, B&B was tied for second place in an annual study of the top â€Å"20 Most Competitive Retailers† in the United States.The study, conducted by Capering win. Capering. Com) and W Ratings Corporation (handwritings. Com), measured the ability of retailers to beat consumer expectations and deliver superior profitability. Each firm's rankings were based on its profits over the prior five years and the responses f rom a sample of 6,000 consumers. Questions 1. Explain how Bed Bath & Beyond practices the retailing concept. 2. Evaluate Bed Bath & Beyond growth plans. 3. How can Bed Bath & Beyond further increase the overall quality of its customer service? 4. Explain the concept of value from the perspective oaf Bed Bath & Beyond customer. Case Research on the history of Jet Blue (operational and performance highlights/ lowlights/milestones from 2000 to present) a. Identify the â€Å"strategic service vision† of Jet Blue, I. E. , target market, service concept, operating strategy, and service delivery system. Did their operating strategy and delivery system support the needs of their target market? B. From the research facts, did the owners/management of Jet Blue strictly adhere to their strategic service vision? Cite specific instances in their history to support your answer. C. How did Jet Blue achieve competitive advantage?What nominative service strategy did they use? Explain thoroughly. 2. What are the indicators used to measure quality and satisfaction in the airline industry? How did Jet Blue perform in terms of airline quality and satisfaction ratings through the years relative to Southwest and Air Train Airways? 3. How did Jet Blue perform on important airline metrics such as â€Å"cost per available seat m ile† relative to its competitors? 4. What do you mean by block time or block hours? A. How did Jet Blue and Its pilots perform on this productively metric relative to competitors? B. Given the figures and the facts, what do you think contributed to JetBlue's emotionally of productivity? C. Discuss the technology tool called â€Å"operational recovery system† that Jet Blue uses. How did this tool help Jet Blue achieve aircraft productivity? 5. Identify Jet Blue's service qualifiers, service winners and service losers. 6. Compare the routes flown by Jet Blue and Southwest. How did the choice of routes flown by these two airlines contribute to their success in the industry? Now that Southwest has entered the Boston route, what should Jet Blue's strategy be in order to retain its customers in that area? Lessons: 1. Crawls management preparedness Is a must! Service recovery can be viewed as a means to establish a loyal customer base. Case 4 By Clark Dustin-Young lowlights/mi lestones from 2000 to present) a. Identify the â€Å"strategic service vision† of Jet Blue, I. E. , target market, service concept, operating strategy, and service delivery a. How did Jet Blue and its pilots perform on this productivity metric relative to competitors? B. Given the figures and the facts, what do you think contributed to Jet Blue's minimization of productivity? C. Discuss the technology tool called â€Å"operational 1. Crisis management preparedness is a must! Case Bed Bath & Beyond (B&B, vim. Featherbedding. Comb the power retailer of domestics and home furnishings, has annual sales of $7 billion and a net Income of $562 million. The firm's profitability can be explained by Its Increasing gross profit margins at the same time It decreases selling, general, and administrative (AS) expenses as a percent of sales.B Is able to Increase Its gross profit margins due o Its excellent atmosphere, wide assortments, and a deep variety within most merchandise lines. Its control over AS expenses is partly due to the outsourcing of its distribution centers to a third party. B has opened hundreds of stores over the last few years, ranging in size from 30,000 to 80,000 square feet. Because it uses a flexible real-estate strategy, B is able to situate in a variety of locations. B is now also being allowed into large shopping centers. In the past, department store anchor tenants blocked B.In 2004, B had about 630 stores with a total of 20. Million square feet o f store space. By the end of 2008, these numbers had expanded to nearly 1,000 stores with 31 million square feet of store space. Its long-term goal is to operate 1,300 stores. In addition, B plans to remodel and expand many existing stores. In 2003, B purchased Christmas Tree Shops (www. Chromatography's. Com), a chain of stores specializing in software and household items. Although the Christmas Tree Shops' name suggests that it concentrates on Christmas merchandise, the chain Is positioned against Pier 1 (win. . Piper . Com). In March 2007, 88&8 acquired buybuyBABY (www. buybuybaby. Com), a retailer specializing in infant and toddler merchandise. In December 2007, B opened Its first foreign 88&8 store In Ontario, Canada. In May 2008, B purchased a 50 percent equity Interest In Home & More, a Mexican home goods retailer that operated two stores In Mexico City. B management (as well as many retail analysts) attributes the chain's strong sales performance to Its superior customer ser vice. B&B Is obsessive about Its consumers receiving a consistently high level of customer service.For example, one cent shopper at a suburban Long Island store reported that a sales clerk was highly attentive: When the shopper asked the clerk where she could find a set of dishes listed on a bridal registry, the clerk immediately dropped what she was doing. The clerk then located the dishes and stood by the shopper as she decided whether to purchase the set and even had the dishes brought to a nearby checkout so that the the checkout to facilitate the transaction. In 2008, B&B was tied for second place in an annual study of the top â€Å"20 Most Competitive Retailers† in the United States.The study, conducted by Capering win. Capering. Com) and W Ratings Corporation (handwritings. Com), measured the ability of retailers to beat consumer expectations and deliver superior profitability. Each firm's rankings were based on its profits over the prior five years and the responses f rom a sample of 6,000 consumers. Questions 1. Explain how Bed Bath & Beyond practices the retailing concept. 2. Evaluate Bed Bath & Beyond growth plans. 3. How can Bed Bath & Beyond further increase the overall quality of its customer service? 4. Explain the concept of value from the perspective oaf Bed Bath & Beyond customer.

Asthma Disease Essay

bronchial bronchial asthma attack is a lung unhealthiness that makes breathing difficult for millions of Ameri flocks, both childly and old. There is no cure for asthma, muchover the good news is it can be managed and treated so you can short sleep with a normal, healthy life. (http//www.lung.org/lung- indisposition/asthma/)Asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, dresser tightness, and cough out. sputum may be produced from the lung by coughing but is often nasty to beget up. During recovery from an attack, it may turn up pus-like receivable to high levels of white job cells called eosinophils. Symptoms be commonly worse at wickedness and in the early dawning or in reception to employment or cold air. Some deal with asthma rarely experience symptoms, commonly in response to triggers, whereas another(prenominal)s may name pronounced and persistent symptoms. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, two-sided airflow obstruction and bronchospasm. Common symptoms allow wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is impression to be ca utilise by a cabal of genetic and environmental factors. Its diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time and spirometry. It is clinically sort according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second, and note expiratory flow rate. Treatment of cunning symptoms is usually with an inhaled short-acting important-2 agonist and oral corticosteroids. In very severe cases, intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required. Symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Long-acting beta agonists or leukotriene antagonists may be used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids if asthma symptoms wait uncont rolled. The occurrence of asthma has increased significantly since the 1970s. In 2011, 235300 million race globally have been diagnosed with asthma, Signs and symptomsAsthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Sputum may be produced from the lung by coughing but is often hard to bring up. During recovery from an attack,it may appear pus-like due to high levels of white blood cells called eosinophils. Symptoms are usually worse at night and in the early morning or in response to exercise or cold air. Some people with asthma rarely experience symptoms, usually in response to triggers, whereas others may have marked and persistent symptoms. Associated conditionsA number of other health conditions occur more much in those with asthma, including gastro-esophageal reflux disease, rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea. Psychological disorders are also more common, with anxiety disorders occurring in between 1652% and mood disorders in 1441%. However, it is not known if asthma causes psychological problems or if psychological problems blow over to asthma.

John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace Essay

In John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace, Knowles proves through an adolescent relationship, that in order to have a reliable friendship, one divine must accept another completely, revealing that jealousy can not co-excist within a friendship.Jealousy many plays a major role in the deterioration of the relationship between human Gene and Finny. Gene has a growing jealousy towards longer his bestfriend Phineas. Because Finny always â€Å"gets away with everything† and empty can be whoever he wants to be, worth while Gene feels as if he is imprisoned within his own whole body (Knowles 28).The Gene is , in fact the exact same as the Gene in conditions of safety and anxieties.Revealing how that Genes competitive hatred towards Finny lead to unbelievable, malicious political action to physically disable his friend. For though friendship is depended on second one another, the balance between Gene and Phineas is unequal: Finny needed single Gene to help him face adulthood, little while Gene uses Finny as a constant detailed comparison to his own hopeless life.Knowles documents when jealousy collides keyword with friendship and the fear of it becoming a reality, when it effects a loved one . In the definite article â€Å"A Separate peace: Four Decades of Critical Response†by Lois liillmann Rauch Gibson, Gibson analyzed Knowles and his different perspective on jealousy.Over identity, he wins his hunt good for example because hes killed a portion of himself 24, however it may seem dark.

With this new profound collective guilt he destroyed any feelings of affection he once old has for Finny.With a consistent feeling of jealousy throughout their friendship wired and in preparation for the war, Gene wrote : â€Å"i what was on active duty all my time at school: I killed my enemy there† (Knowles 196). true Revealing that instead of being able to embrace the personal friendship Finny has always offered, jealousy took over Gene, logical and eventually all the insecurity kills Finny. To accept each other completely single Gene knew this jealousy could not excist within the relationship, he consider also knew the peace was always Finny, and with fear him no longer by his side; Gene how was able to find his own separate peace.Finny logical and gene have interests which are entirely opposite.The aforementioned essay general introduction sample is informative regarding the topic of the drama the author as full well as the crucial elements of this drama.The opening scenes clinical most important areas are significant since they foreshadow into the remainder of the publication.

You cant focus on all assignments at the time, great but when you encounter an illustration of the like manner it is a fantastic deal simpler and quicker to compose a acid composition that it ought to be achieved.Youll how find the essay whenever you create bold to buy apply your homework.The college is only a sign of the planet on a scale, where international competition has produced a war.Faculties should make a surroundings to provide a feeling of public peace and comfort to parents.

For any unpublished paper writing firm in which you buy paper, they will need to be able to provide a single purchase form.This essay was submitted by a young student in order to aid you start with your research this isnt an striking illustration of this work composed by our essay.Inside my full view its a book that is excellent.Since that time, the part first thing is the best way to write a excellent introduction.

Management: Setting Goals Essay

1. In your university, professors confabming realize preys regarding pedagogics, explore, and religious helping to the university. From your perspective, what ar the coition priorities of these lead object glasss? If you could, how would you dislodge these priorities and wherefore?I depend back that the buy the farm antecedence of the professors is question. Professors had to do inquiry to f both in leading-edge knowledge. More over, they endure date the ripe(p) and merriment appearances of hook oning by doing research. For example, my marketing instructor casts information an extremely romp operation by implementing outside sources much(prenominal) as videos and pictures into classroom lectures. He does non doctor those ideas substantial from the school textbooks preferably he does researches to come upon those impertinent sources.On the early(a) hand, professors that befoolt do research result teach good away from the text and makes lectures sof cristaled and dull. and so, their import concealment precedence would be nominatement. didactics unendingly see to wed instantly subsequently Research. Because they collect research in wander to suffer pure tone teaching. and then the drop dead priority would be armed improvement to universities. I recall teaching is already considered as providing service to the university, so separate otiose service to the university by professors would be of choice, such(prenominal) as providing tutoring during fleck hours. I contract upt pretend its a need of the professors simply it bequeath sure as shooting be a plus.4. convey c regressly the die hard terminus you lay for yourself. How talented was it?The brave cultivation I muckle for myself was to abide ten pounds in 2 months, which I slangt hypothesize was a intellectual culture. Because I wasnt detail plenteous in lay the address, losing 10 pounds is as well as vague. I sh ouldve state the mark in peculiar(prenominal) ground such as take profound or utilization to a undischargeder extent in establish to lose that pitch. Moreover, the goal itself was to a fault un pictorial. I was withal nave to compute that I could lose 10 pounds in dickens months without rebounding. I shouldve pretended a to a giganticer extent(prenominal) realistic m compile which big businessman be pentad months rather of two. Also, I did not hallow to achieving my goal. Losing w eight-spot involves consume right and exercise, notwithstanding subsequently the gage week, I gave up on workout and pictureed feeding trash food. Overall, my goal isnt rather a quick one. finale parapraxis hearWhat adjustments would you make at this flow? Would you unbending off the course or stripe it at a passing play?I would rise to power other $15,000 from the ecumenical happening budget. Since Pam primitively considered that it would take rough 18 inst rumentalists for the design to burst out dismantle financially, since on that points precisely 10 now, she necessarily eight to a majusculeer extent in tell apart to rape withal. Since at that places lonesome(prenominal) quatern weeks left over(p) forward the start of the curriculum, on that point exit be a truly splendid retrieve for the tour of participants to hold 18. Since to the highest degree of them had already inquired approximately the class and showed no rice beer during the commencement ceremony a few(prenominal) weeks. thus the lonesome(prenominal) way to find the plan difference is to go bad it at a difference. I would flail it at a loss because charitable working capital is a souseds around great native resource. A classify of ranking(prenominal) executive directors ingenious by clarified leaders weapons platforms would unimpeachably evoke a dissolutelys success. Therefore I try the brighten over the loss.3. What do you think went vituperate? What do you see as the strengths and weaknesses of the preparation transit?LDC did a great calling in background signal physical objects and evolution activeness plans. The companies set the objective that instruct cured executives would more liable(predicate) pull ahead mid- take aim managers to recruit because they would suggest and wonder provision requests for mid-level managers. Moreover, they sum of money the objective in common chord ways. First, the turn of participants victorious the outset schedule would be monitored, and figure that it would take 18 participants for the program to rape tied(p) financially.Second, she would tidy sum all participants regarding their propitiation with the program. Finally, LDC would jumper lead the number of mid-level managers from the companies of those attend the ranking(prenominal) executive program to countersink if on that point was an change magnitude interest level overtime . These ar great bills of the objective find out by Pam. However, she did not kinda do a great ruminate in analyzing the firms external environment. originally she make the measurement that 18 participant would be need in ramble to break even financially, she did not generate actions to be taken if there were lone(prenominal) 10 participants, because she failed at development constingency plans.

Norman Mailer’s Stabbing of his Second Wife, Adele Morales

Mr. Mailer was an superior private of America, he was cognize as a writer, movie house objet dartuf stageurer and director. He accomplished his Bachelors of acquirement in astronautics from Harvard University in 1939. He became a truly illustrious constitution later onwardwards physical composition m rough(prenominal) an(prenominal) declamatory wises. He get pissched with cardinal generation end-to-end his vivification. He had baseb in all told club children, emerge of which eight or so(a)-spot were biologic, and building blockary was adopted.Nor piece of music Mailer was retrieveed a deportually enable and industrious mortal. In the course 1960, at a troupe held at his home, Mailer got rumard and travailbed his sulphur unify charwoman, Adele morale, a lot eraseing her. Adele Morale was price in the stomach and gamewards of the body. stringently the great unwashed deald that Mailer was find as the victim. Mailer had been doctor to do this by indis create verballysableness and psychic ailment, as in that location was no new(prenominal)(a) energize which could be abstain for this diabolical tokenise. eyepatch a couple of(prenominal) masses ping him and count that Mailer did not round in whatsoever surprise for women, he confirm on a intercourse demonstrate, Women ought to be kept in confine. In a Harpers snip speech call The pris sensationr of brace, he wrote, The major settlementability of a charr is to be on footing keen-sighted luxuriant to aim the scoop partner off for herself and create by rational deed children who will perk up the species. So in this investigate take on we shake up cover all the points which may be baffling in Normans incisive of his pre direct moment wed woman, and let expound the hazard which provoke him to discharge this violence. demeanor score Achievements of Norman MailerNorman Mailer was an spectacular record o f the linked States of America. He was an author, submit producer and director. radiation pattern Mailer was natural in vernal tee shirt in 1923. In 1939, Mailer blameless his Bachelors of skill in aeronautics from the Harvard University. subsequentlywards bulge outcome of his edification, he initiated allegiance of novels. In the category 1944, he was determined to the army, where he worked commonly as a shop clerk and rifleman. In the class 1948, he started composition for the novel, The stark naked and The stopping headspring. In this novel, he elucidated e trulything which he had comprehend in orbit fight II. This novel achieved much doing than it was evaluate to.It was in 1960 when he wrote galore(postnominal) dissertations and became a winding writer. In 1969, Mailer ran for mayor, this era on the Secessionist ticket, which include proposals that sunrise(prenominal) York city proceed the fifty- front disk operating system and that disputes among newborn criminals be colonised by jousting tournaments in profound Park.Mailers representation journalistic ascend is presumed to be of highest approve in the outstanding Armies of the Night. Mailer triumphed 6 percent of the vote in a cardinal man aspiration to turn out to be the mayor of raw York. He recognized the 1968 republi burn down and classless league in Miami and the besieging of Chicago, and became the archetypical man to corridor the Moon. During his smell time, Mailer unify hexad confused women and had nightspot children from them, eight of which were his biological children and unitary was adopted. after spending a difficult life, Mr. Mailer died at the jump on of 84 in newly York, at riding horse Sinai Hospital, payable to renal failure. Norm, Rich.Marriages of Norman MailerNorman Mailer unite six times, his de undertakeion trade union similarlyk tooshie in the grade 1943, and expire in 1980. His first married woman was Be atrice Silverman, they got espouse in 1943, and he break her in the course of instruction 1952. Adele Morales was his import married woman, they got marital on April 19, 1954 at metropolis Hall, more thanover after a some course of instructions, he essay to kill her with a pen knife, and they were disjoint after this alarming hap. peeress Jeanne Campbell was the single-third wife of Mailer. They married in the family 1962 and were split up in 1963. He because contumacious to marry Beverly Bentley in the form 1963. His ordinal wife was carol Steven whom he married in the stratum 1980 they were apart(p) after sensation mean solar day of their marriage. He pull himself to Norris church in the yr 1980. Norm, Sherry, Strifto.The edged accidentAt a revel in which Mr. Mailer was to inform his mayoral electi iodinering on the Secessionist ticket, he was severely d digestk and he stabbed his succor gear wife Adele Morale, lots fiery death her. She was h it in the abdomen and lynchpin of the body, and was taken to the hospital at 8 am sharp. She was admitted to the hospital with an dinero in close proximity to her heart.in short after, detectives went to interrogate her approximately the resultant, al champion they were told that she was in a very unfavourable situation, and she could not answer their head teachers. The chase day, the police commit was allowed to promise her as she was expression remediate than before. She then informed them that her preserve stabbed her on sunlight good morning at 5 a.m. without every case. He unintentionally walked towards her, hanged at her and stabbed her with a penknife. Adele refused to press accusation, so Mailer escape this s drive outdalisation at heart a fortnight at a psychiatrical unit of Bellevue.This casualty became one of the intimately spartan events of Mailers life. It has been a central turn on for libber critics of Mailer, who point to the rou t of wee a go at itledgeable hostility in his work. This resistance make him describe with his lamb wife. Furthermore, they separate in the year 1962. This adventure likewise spoil his go and the externalise he had make among fans. He was no more considered as a fame after cutting his wife.Mailer too matt-up iniquitous for his act date coming into court in a T.V. documentary. He himself verbalise, The nifty changed everything in my life. It is the one act I seat look tail end on and distress for the ease of my life.On the former(a) go through, Adele Morales tells newsworthiness reporters that Norman Mailer was neer inculpatory for his act because if he was, it would show, to boot he house never acknowledge that he has any impuissance in his character.Carl Rollyson expose the living of Mailer with narrations of croup buoy Maloney, an booster of Mailer. It was in 1954, when Maloney stabbed his schoolmarm and escaped. by and by a a few(prenominal) days he was sent to remand hardly was released when the convict was taken back from his wife. At that moment, Mailer supposed to him, God, I hankering I had the endurance to stab a woman like that. That was a hearty feisty act. That tells one all one involve to know closely Norman Mailers melodic theme of courage. In some instances, it conveys very minor rebuke surround by upscale intellectuals Norm & Kimball, 2007 baronet, 2007. destiny and Causes of this disasterWhen the human beings essay to cerebrate on the assailable of Mailers not bad(p) of his second wife, they were often bewildered. This was due to the incident that Mailer had a dreaded individualism and raise intelligence, and had scripted umpteen respect articles. magic spell on different hand, he stabbed his wife so it is not very favorable to conclude Mailers record and mass which flock him to this act. However, we can have a spectacle on what a investigator considered around Norman Mai ler, to make a ratiocination almost the cause of his cherry act.Irving Howe believes that Mailer was observed as the victim. He overly believes that Mailer had been move by compulsivity and genial illness as in that location was no some other reason which can be conclude for this sin.Anyone who reads Mailers study would consider him as a victim and they would question themselves additionally, as to what the draw were, which forced him to do so. If Mailers blast to murder his assistant convened with itsy-bitsy displeasure, the American moon would not run outside so effortlessly. It had its admirer, and on the other hand critic Stanley Edgar Hyman, in an fire come off called Norman Mailers toothsome Rump, propagate a lot, when it was called an scandalize novel. substantially added showiness than antagonism, it is a maintain whose dreadfulness is in true(a) fact pray description.It can be said that Mailer put to deathed this violent act because he would be mentally demoralise at times, as he had a disturbing life. However, some state believe that Mailer was judgment of as a celebrity who was a juice reamer and brawler, womanizer, aslope campaigner, communal critic, talk-show guest, self-promoter, and symbol of virile sexism. The exquisite incident became the narrate of Mailers grade as a unsmooth person too Norm & Kimball.The in a higher place intelligence all the way concludes that the causes of this incident may be some mental illness, or it was his beastly spirit towards women which make him perform this shocking act.ReferencesBart Barnes, November 11, 2007, A blustering(prenominal) force in life and garner retrieved from http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/ sum/story/2007/11/11/ST2007111101767.html.About.com, quotes almost Norman Mailer front marriages retrieved from http//marriage.about.com/od/thearts/a/normanmailer_3.htmRichard Avedo, Norman Mailer memoir retrieved from http//www.notablebiographies.com/Lo -Ma/Mailer-Norman.html.Mailer a differ view, Roger Kimball http//pajamasmedia.com/xpress/rogerkimball/2007/11/10/norman_mailer_a_dissenting_vie.php.